History Of Sustainable Development Environmental Sciences Essay

History Of Sustainable Development Environmental Sciences Essay Definitions of SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. Balancing the fulfillment of human needs with the protection of the natural environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future The integration of environmental, economic and social considerations as the key to ensuring we maintain our quality of life and continue to create jobs, without compromising the integrity of the natural environment or the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. What is sustainable development? It is a system of resources to get human needs while protecting the environment.So the man can have their needs not only present but also future Problems Sustainable Development(As a solution) position for Engineers Conclusions Component of SD Outdoor Space à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Community Green Space Supports Walk able Urbani Water à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Drilled wellsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Dug wellsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Rainwater harvesting through a system of cisterns and catchments http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Rain_Water_storage.JPG/220px-Rain_Water_storage.JPG A 35,003 liter rainwater harvesting tank in Kerala Waste executive à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Recycling à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Use of landfill to power sewage treatment plant Building Materialsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ filling: Recycled fiberglass insulation ,Double-paned windows Interior Products à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Energy Star appliances, Compact fluorescent light bulbsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Countertops made of recycled materials: glass, aluminum, paper, etc.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Recycled Sustainable Forms of Energy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Solar energy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Biomass energy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hydroelectric power à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ wind energy Main targets of SD 1. Education sinking school drop-out rates below 10% 2. Poverty / social omission at least 20 million people in the world are effected due to poverty and social omission 3. Employment 75% of the 20-64 year-olds to be employed 4. RD / modernization 3% of the EUs GDP (public and private combined) to be invested in RD/innovation 5. Climate change / energy greenhouse gas emissions 20% (or even 30%, if the conditions are right) lower than 1990; 20% of energy from renewable; 20% increase in energy efficiency at least 40% of 30-34-year-olds completing third level education 6Aspects of Sustainable Development Social Environmental political economical Cultural 7 Dimensions of Sustainable Development Principles of Sustainable Development Developing Human abilities people are at the core of development initiatives Holistic Science and Appropriate Technology the search for solutions to the complex milieu of development problems has to be undertaken with the perspective that situates specific problems in the larger social and ecological context. Cultural, Moral and Spiritual Sensitivity nurturing the inherent strengths of local and indigenous knowledge, practices and beliefs while respecting the cultural diversity, moral norms and spiritual essence of Filipino society Self-strength of mind Respecting the right and relying on the inherent capacity of the country and its people to decide on the course of their own progress National Sovereignty self-determination at the national level where the norms of society and the specifics of the local ecology inform national governance. Includes human and environmental security as well as achieving and ensuring security and self-reliance in basic staple foods. Gender Sensitivity recognizing the important and complementary roles and the empowerment of both men and women in development Peace, Order and National Unity securing the right of all to a peaceful and secure existence Social Justice, Inter- Intra-Generational and Spatial Equity ensuring social cohesion and harmony through equitable distribution of resources and providing the various sectors of society with equal access to development opportunities and benefits today and in the future Participatory Democracy ensuring the participation and empowerment of all sectors of society in development decision-making and processes and to operationalize inter-sectoral and multi-sectoral consensus Institutional Viability recognizing that sustainable development is a shared, collective and indivisible responsibility which calls for institutional structures that are built around the spirit of solidarity, convergence and partnership between and among different stakeholders. Ecological Soundness recognizing nature as our common heritage and thus respecting the limited carrying capacity and integrity of nature in the development process to ensure the right of present and future generations to this heritage. Biographical Equity and Community-Based Resource Management recognizing that since communities residing within or most proximate to an ecosystem of a bio-geographic region will be the ones to most directly and immediately feel the positive and negative impacts on that ecosystem, they should be given prior claim to the development decisions affecting that ecosystem including management of the resources. Global Cooperation building upon and contributing to the diverse capacities of individual nations Conclusion For the development process of (social,economic and political)in the modern society,sustainable development is more applicable process. R D Planning, design, implementation/manufacturing, operations maintenance HISTORY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT The first idea about sustainability is emerged during the 1970s and1980s.The topic,How human behavior damage the environment and putting humans at risk is marked first in1972. In 1980 The International Union set the world conservation strategy for the conservation of nature with World Wild life Fund and the UN Environment program,and released the idea of environmental protection in the self interest of the human species In 1987,Brundtland commission released OUR COMMON FUTUTRE,a report that covered the about the environment and poverty in many parts of the world. World attention on sustainability peaked at the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development, in Rio de Janeiro. It brought together the heads or senior officials of 179 governments, and included the Earth Summit, the largest-ever meeting of world leaders. Rio produced two international agreements, two statements of principles and a major action agenda on worldwide sustainable development. Sustainable design what is Sustainable design? The attitude of designing physical objectives to build environment and agree to service mainly with social environmental and economic sustainability. Theory The main target of the sustainable design is to remove widely, environmental collisions through skilled sensitive design.Manifestations of sustainable design bond the people with the environment,effecting the environment minimally,by requiring no non renewable resources Beyond the elimination of negative environmental impact, there must be projects that are meaningful innovations that can shift actions. A active balance between economy and society, planned to create long-term contact between user and object/service and lastly to be polite and mindful of the environmental and social differences Sustainable design principles http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CalifAcadamyOfSciAug28-2008img0640.JPG/290px-CalifAcadamyOfSciAug28-2008img0640.JPG Examples :- The California Academy of Sciences ,San Francisca,california, Its a sustainable building designed by Renzo Piano There are some reasons ,While the practical purpose varies among disciplines, Low-impact materials: choose non-toxic, sustainably produced or recycled materials which require little energy to process Energy efficiency: use built-up processes and produce products which require less energy Quality and durability: longer-lasting and better-functioning goods will have to be replaced less frequently, sinking the impacts of producing replacements Design for reuse and recycling: Products, processes, and systems should be planned for performance in a commercial afterlife. Design Impact Measures for total carbon footprint and life-cycle assessment for any resource used are increasingly required and available. Many are complex, but some give quick and accurate whole-earth estimates of impacts. One measure estimates any spending as consuming an average economic share of global energy use of 8,000  BTU (8,400  kJ) per dollar and producing at the average rate of 0.57  kg of CO2 per dollar (1995 dollars US) from DOE figures. Sustainable Design Standards and project design guides are also increasingly available and are vigorously being developed by a wide array of private organizations and individuals. There is also a large body of new methods emerging from the rapid development of what has become known as sustainability science promoted by a wide variety of educational and governmental institutions. Biomimicry: redesigning industrial systems on biological lines enabling the constant reuse of materials in continuous closed cycles Service substitution: shifting the mode of consumption from personal ownership of products to provision of services which provide similar functions, e.g., from a private automobile to a carsharing service. Such a system promotes minimal resource use per unit of consumption (e.g., per trip driven).[11] Renewability: materials should come from nearby (local or bioregional), sustainably managed renewable sources that can be composted when their usefulness has been exhausted. Robust eco-design: robust design principles are applied to the design of a pollution sources). Applications Applied fields. Sustainable architecture design Sustainable landscape Sustainable graphic design Sustainable agriculture design Urban design Urban planning Engineering Industrial design Interior design Fashion design Human Computer interaction Sustainable design is the most important solution to global environmental damages. increment of human population, continuous development of economic activities decrement and failure of natural resources hurt the ecosystems and loss of biodiversity. The Whole earth effected,increment of goods and services is consistently outpacing gains in efficiency due to the restrictions of sustainable design. As a result, the net effect of sustainable design to date has been to simply improve the efficiency of continuously increasing impacts. The present situation, that targets on the efficiency of delivering services and products is not a solution for this problem. The basic dilemmas contended: the increasing complexity of efficiency improvements; the difficulty of implementing new technologies in societies built around old ones; that physical impacts of delivering goods and services are not localized, but are distributed throughout the economies; and that the scale of resource use is growing and not stabilizing.

Waste Dumpsite and Proximity to Residential Apartments

Close proximity of waste dump sites to residential properties and its effects on valuation Value Is defined as an amount expressed In medium of exchange that Is thought to be a fair exchange for something or the adequate or satisfactory return on or recompense for a commodity. According to experts, the worth of such exchange Is its market value. This provides the principal yardstick for measuring the worth of properties and other similar commodities.Environmental characteristics which are manifested in the form of pull and push effect of the neighborhood, have the push effects characterized by proliferation of squatter settlements, air and water pollution, squalid condition of environmental sanitation, and breakdown of waste disposal arrangement while the pull effect could be good roads, schools etc. When properties are in close proximity to environmental factors which could lead to push effects like waste dump sites, they demand special assessment on the part of the Estate Surveyors and Values Lowell Belle, an expert has said.Although improper solid asset disposal Is hazardous to health, It also affects the value of the properties around the waste. This problem x-rays the plight of many who out of desperation to get shelter, live under such Inconvenient conditions even at ridiculous rates. The question therefore is: what techniques do the average Nigerian valued adopt in valuing properties close to waste dump sites? Are the techniques different from those used in properties not close to dump site or any environmental hazards?There is no gainsaying that the problem of waste management across the country as reached an alarming state. Waste dumps continually have effect on the values of the properties in the areas where they are located and the adverse effect of this waste on property values in cannot be overstressed. Some factors usually considered in placing values on residential properties include infrastructure facilities such as water, electricity and good d rainage channel; not excluding also excellent road network, free flow of traffic; location and waste disposal management.Improper waste management poses a serious health hazard to people living around he wastes as the disposal sites carry along rodents, Insects and other vermin, which could transmit diseases such as typhoid fever, dysentery, diarrhea, cholera among others. In a valuation bid, the value of a landed interest is estimated by assessing the possible monetary worth a potential buyer would place on a property with respect to its features and other environmental factors which could act as price facilitators or otherwise.For instance, persons familiar with Jota and its environs can attest to the fact that the environment reeks of horrid smells that stem from the burning of peps of refuse at the dump site. Day after day, passersby, motorists all complain bitterly about this environmental mess. However, mostly affected are the residents of the area who apparently have resigned to fate. A particular resident who spoke to Property Index anonymously, said whenever refuse Is burnt at the dump site , their houses are usually covered In smoke.Adding that not all residents have the luxury to own air-conditioning units hence the need to open the windows to allow ‘fresh oaf respiratory system. Location features such as this have to an extent, played down on the estimated market value of properties in close proximity to such dump site as this. In 2008, researchers used various research methods to determine the effect of waste dump sites on property values in Luscious neighborhood Jota and it was found that property values increase with distance away from dumpiest.In same vein, a research was conducted on the willingness of residents to pay for environmental amenities such as waste water disposal, electricity supplies and neighborhood roads at Azure in Undo State. The study identified households' income, distance away from the refuse dump site as one of the m ajor factors that influenced household's willingness to pay for better environmental services. It recommended diligent consideration in the location of dump sites and adoption of Public-Private Initiative in the provision of public infrastructure.The study also established that real estate values are readily influenced by residents' willingness to pay for both structural as well as neighborhood characteristics where the real estate is located. In closing, hen properly examined, the environmental problems experienced by occupants of properties close to waste dump sites and the value of their properties is an issue of great economic concern cutting across not only Lagos metropolis but other states of the federation.This menacing situation would only repel rather than attract potential buyers/tenants and also reduce the worth of such properties . If the usefulness and value for money are issues to go by and chief among the factors considered in valuating property is location, then it m ay not be out of place to assert hat close proximity of dump sites to properties is not the best for the discerning real estate investor who is serious about making it big in the industry.While location may Just be one of the important factors to consider, it is however not all that matters. However, in this case, health is concerned and the average Nigerian does not take issues bordering on health with levity. Thus, the business of housing in such areas may be a thing of the past soon if the unseemly situation of improper waste management is left unabated.

secrets of body language - 11913 Words

SECRETS OF BODY LANGUAGE A walk to convey power. A greeting that gets the upper hand. A gesture that can hide a lie. Body language can betray us. When a president s under pressure. Or celebrities in the media glare. Look beyond the words. Their body language says it all. It s a sudden poise. Self-touch gesture. Hot spots. Microexpressions. In this special, experts will dissect the body, the face, and the voice to reveal its hidden meanings, its secrets. This is a world where what we say is all important. They said this day would never come. We hang on every word. Tomorrow, we begin again. Thank you. But are we getting all the message? Older, darker, psychopaths, serial killers handwriting-Research has shown that just 7% of human†¦show more content†¦The body language then revealed just why that was. Almost a physical fight. Many viewed this apparently light-hearted tussle as a sign that Arafat and Barak were getting on well. Think again. There is a great meaning behind who goes through the door fi rst. Here in the West, letting someone through the door first doesn t really matter; it s polite, maybe. But in the Middle East, it has a significant cultural impact. The host, the power person, says: I m in control, I ll help you through the door. I ll show you the way. Throw in the fear and tension present in most Middle East negotiations and suddenly, the desire of both Arafat and Barak not to go through that door before the other starts to make sense. This is a classic example, in an extreme way, of how the last man through the door is the winner. Barak reaches for Yasser Arafat. Arafat grabs his arm, moves around and starts waggling his finger at Barak who then uses it as opportunity to move around to actually be behind. Then grabs Arafat, holds him by the arm and shoves him through the door. You ve got fear and power struggle showing in big bold body language movements. Arafat and Barak are not the only ones to appreciate the significance of the last man through the door move. Even when friends and allies meet, subtle cues reveal who s talked of. 2003. British Prime Minister Tony Blair plays host to President Bush. In this particular example we re looking at, 10 Downing Street, and one would expect TonyShow MoreRelatedSecrets of Body Language775 Words   |  4 PagesSECRETS OF BODY LANGUAGE It is through communication that one exchanges information, expresses ideas, thoughts and feelings. Communication is the basis to establish relationships, and how one communicates determines how effective the message will be according to the speakers intention. In fact, verbal communication only counts 7% of the communication process, meaning body language plays an extremely important role when it comes to communication. 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The Awakening Historicism Analysis - 968 Words

A New Historicism Analysis of The Awakening Kate Chopin’s The Awakening is a story written in the late 19th century about a woman named Edna becoming independent and finding herself in a time when women had little to no rights and people saw them as the property of their husband. This is a new historicism literary criticism, analyzing how what was going on in the time period influenced this novel. Racism, sexism, and feminism were all going on at this time and therefore influenced it greatly. During this time period, people still owned slaves and racism was still going on. Growing up, Chopin’s family and friends had slaves. Later, her husband was even in a white supremacy group (â€Å"Kate Chopin†) . With such direct past ties to racism, it†¦show more content†¦In this time period, women were basically the property of their husbands. Therefore, Edna represented these real-life limitations. Back then, a woman’s sole purpose was to get married and to care for her husband and children. This robbed them of a significant amount of individualism. For example, women weren’t seen to be strong enough to have free will and do things on their own. Chopin enjoyed walking through the city by herself, but society didn’t accept this at the time (â€Å"Kate Chopin†) . Chopin commonly presented this principle throughout the novel. All women were chaperoned by men when leaving the house. In the beginning of the story, Edna never leaves the house without her husband Là ©once, her friend Robert, or another man. Also, society discouraged women to live an independent lifestyle. It was very uncommon and shamed for women to fend for themselves, rather than relying on their husband. Edna demonstrated this by her reliance on her husband early in the novel. This brings up another example of history that is present in this story. Edna’s husband provides her a luxurious Creole lifestyle. This gives the reader a glimpse into social classes of the time. Lastly, women weren’t supposed to prioritize art above much, if anything, especially their family. Obviously, Chopin broke this rule, as she spent a significant amount of her time on performing arts, and her strongest form of art, writing (â€Å"Kate Chopin†) . Throughout the story, the lack of female artists and Edna’sShow MoreRelatedWolffs Analysis of Chopins The Awakening647 Words   |  3 PagesWolff’s Analysis of Chopin’s The Awakening In her essay Un-Utterable Longing: The Discourse of Feminine Sexuality in Kate Chopins The Awakening, Cynthia Griffin Wolff creates what Ross Murfin describes as a critical whole that is greater than the sum of its parts. (376) By employing a variety of critical approaches (including feminist, gender, cultural, new historicism, psychoanalytic and deconstruction) Wolff offers the reader a more complete (albeit complex) explanation of Edna PontelliersRead MoreFullers Leila2374 Words   |  10 PagesMethodological Introduction New historicism is premised upon an ideological attempt to wed the practice of history and literary criticism. In this type of textual analysis, the literary work is juxtaposed with historical events (characteristic of the time period in which the work was produced) in an effort to understand the implications within the text. This line of inquiry serves to recover a historical consciousness which may be utilized in the rendering of literary theory. Poems and novelsRead MoreAn Analysis Of The Other Towards `` The Subject Essay1984 Words   |  8 Pagesreal historical background to represent three main types of citizens and their lives. From the different perspectives, â€Å"Doctorow shows how politics, economics, and social class deeply impinge on individual lives by applying the theories of New Historicism to his novel† (Chen 28). Finished and published in 1975, Ragtime narrates some divided but connected stories of immigrants, WASPs, and African Americans. There are confl icts as well as connections between the three groups, but they also reveal the